September 13 is the 256th day of the year (257th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 109 days remaining until the end of the year.

[edit] Events

• 509 BC – The temple of Jupiter on Rome's Capitoline Hill is dedicated on the ides of September.
• 122 – The building of Hadrian's Wall begins.
• 533 – General Belisarius of the Byzantine Empire defeats Gelimer and the Vandals at the Battle of Ad Decimium, near Carthage, North Africa.
• 1213 – Ending of Battle of Muret, during the Albigensian Crusade to destroy the Cathar heresy.
• 1440 – Gilles de Rais is finally taken into custody upon an accusation brought against him by the Bishop of Nantes.
• 1503 – Michelangelo begins work on his statue of David.
• 1504 – Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand issue a Royal Warrant for the construction of a Royal Chapel (Capilla Real) to be built.
• 1584 – San Lorenzo del Escorial Palace in Madrid is finished.
• 1609 – Henry Hudson reached the river that would later be named after him – the Hudson River.
• 1743 – Great Britain, Austria and Savoy-Sardinia sign the Treaty of Worms (1743).
• 1759 – Battle of the Plains of Abraham: British defeat French near Quebec City in the Seven Years' War, known in the United States as the French and Indian War.
• 1788 – The United States' Philadelphia Convention sets the date for the country's first presidential election, and New York City becomes the temporary capital of the U.S..
• 1791 – King Louis XVI of France accepts the new constitution.
• 1808 – Finnish War: In the Battle of Jutas, Swedish forces under Lieutenant General Georg Carl von Döbeln beat the Russians, making von Döbeln a Swedish war hero.
• 1812 – War of 1812: A supply wagon sent to relieve Fort Harrison is ambushed in the Attack at the Narrows.
• 1814 – The British fail to capture Baltimore, Maryland. Turning point in the War of 1812.
• 1814 – Francis Scott Key writes The Star-Spangled Banner
• 1847 – Mexican-American War: Six teenage military cadets known as Niños Héroes die defending Chapultepec Castle in the Battle of Chapultepec. American General Winfield Scott captures Mexico City in the Mexican-American War.
• 1848 – Vermont railroad worker Phineas Gage incredibly survives a 3-foot-plus iron rod being driven through his head; the reported effects on his behavior and personality stimulate thinking about the nature of the brain and its functions.
• 1850 – First ascent of Piz Bernina, the highest summit of the eastern Alps.
• 1862 – American Civil War: Union soldiers find a copy of Robert E. Lee's battle plans in a field outside Frederick, Maryland. It is the prelude to the Battle of Antietam.
• 1882 – The Battle of Tel el-Kebir is fought in the 1882 Anglo-Egyptian War.
• 1898 – Hannibal Goodwin patents celluloid photographic film.
• 1899 – Henry Bliss is the first person in the United States to be killed in an automobile accident.
• 1899 – Mackinder, Ollier and Brocherel make the first ascent of Batian (5,199m – 17,058 ft), the highest peak of Mount Kenya.
• 1900 – Filipino resistance fighters defeat a small American column in the Battle of Pulang Lupa, during the Philippine-American War.
• 1906 – First fixed-wing aircraft flight in Europe.
• 1914 – World War I: South African troops open hostilities in German south-west Africa (Namibia) with an assault on the Ramansdrift police station.
• 1914 – World War I: The Battle of Aisne begins between Germany and France.
• 1922 – The temperature (in the shade) at Al 'Aziziyah, Libya reaches a world record 57.8°C (136.04°F).
• 1922 – The final act of the Greco-Turkish War, the Great Fire of Smyrna, commences.
• 1923 – Military coup in Spain – Miguel Primo de Rivera takes over, setting up a dictatorship.
• 1933 – Elizabeth McCombs is the first woman elected to the New Zealand Parliament.
• 1935 – Rockslide near Whirlpool Rapids Bridge ends the International Railway (New York – Ontario).
• 1940 – World War II: German bombs damage Buckingham Palace.
• 1942 – World War II: Second day of the Battle of Edson's Ridge in the Guadalcanal campaign. U.S. Marines successfully defeated attacks by the Imperial Japanese Army with heavy losses for the Japanese forces.
• 1943 – Chiang Kai-shek elected president of the Republic of China.
• 1943 – The Municipal Theatre of Corfu is destroyed during an aerial bombardment by Luftwaffe.
• 1948 – Margaret Chase Smith is elected senator, and becomes the first woman to serve in both the U.S. House of Representatives and the United States Senate.
• 1953 – Nikita Khrushchev appointed secretary-general of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
• 1956 – The dike around the Dutch polder East Flevoland is closed.
• 1956 – IBM introduces the first computer disk storage unit, the RAMAC 305.
• 1964 – South Vietnamese Generals Lam Van Phat and Duong Van Duc failed in a coup attempt against General Nguyen Khanh.
• 1968 – Albania leaves the Warsaw Pact.
• 1971 – State police and National Guardsmen storm New York's Attica Prison to end a prison revolt.
• 1971 – People's Republic of China, Chairman Mao Zedong's second in command and successor Marshal Lin Biao fled the country via a plane after the failure of alleged coup against the supreme leader, the plane crashed in Mongolia, killing all aboard.
• 1979 – South Africa grants independence to the "homeland" of Venda (not recognised outside South Africa).
• 1987 – Goiânia accident: A radioactive object is stolen from an abandoned hospital in Goiânia, Brazil, contaminating many people in the following weeks and leading some to die from radiation poisoning.
• 1988 – Hurricane Gilbert is the strongest recorded hurricane in the Western Hemisphere, later replaced by Hurricane Wilma in 2005 (based on barometric pressure).
• 1989 – Largest anti-Apartheid march in South Africa, led by Desmond Tutu.
• 1993 – Public unveiling of the Oslo Accords, an Israeli-Palestinian agreement initiated by Norway.
• 1993 – Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin shakes hands with PLO chairman Yasser Arafat at the White House after signing an accord granting limited Palestinian autonomy.
• 1994 – Ulysses probe passes the Sun's south pole.
• 2001 – Civilian aircraft traffic resumes in the U.S. after the September 11, 2001 attacks.
• 2007 – The Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples was adopted.
• 2008 – Hurricane Ike makes landfall on the Texas Gulf Coast of the United States, causing heavy damage to Galveston Island, Houston and surrounding areas.

[edit] Births

• 64 – Julia Flavia, daughter of Roman Emperor Titus (d. 91)
• 678 – K'inich Ahkal Mo' Naab' III, Ruler of Palenque (d. 730)
• 786 – Al-Ma'mun, Abbasid caliph (d. 833)
• 1087 – John II Komnenos, Byzantine Emperor (d. 1143)
• 1475 – Cesare Borgia, Italian aristocrat (d. 1507)
• 1502 – John Leland, English antiquarian (d. 1552)
• 1520 – William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley, English statesman (d. 1598)
• 1604 – William Brereton, English soldier and politician (d. 1661)
• 1676 – Élisabeth Charlotte of Orléans, Duchess of Lorraine (d. 1741)
• 1694 – Yeongjo of Joseon, ruler of Korea (d. 1776)
• 1766 – Samuel Wilson, possible namesake of Uncle Sam (d. 1854)
• 1775 – Laura Secord, Canadian war heroine (d. 1868)
• 1802 – Arnold Ruge, German philosopher and writer (d. 1880)
• 1813 – John Sedgwick, American Civil War general (d. 1864)
• 1819 – Clara Schumann, German pianist and composer (d. 1896)
• 1830 – Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach, Austrian writer (d. 1916)
• 1842 – John H. Bankhead, U.S. Senator (d. 1920)
• 1851 – Walter Reed, American physician and biologist (d. 1902)
• 1857 – Michał Drzymała, Polish peasant rebel (d. 1937)
• 1857 – Milton S. Hershey, American confectioner (d. 1945)
• 1860 – John J. Pershing, American general (d. 1948)
• 1863 – Arthur Henderson, British politician and union leader, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1935)
• 1873 – Constantin Carathéodory, Greek mathematician (d. 1950)
• 1874 – Henry Fountain Ashurst, American politician (d. 1962)
• 1874 – Arnold Schoenberg, Austrian-born composer (d. 1951)
• 1876 – Sherwood Anderson, American writer (d. 1941)
• 1877 – Wilhelm Filchner, German explorer (d. 1957)
• 1877 – Stanley Lord, captain of the SS Californian the night of the Titanic disaster (d. 1962)
• 1882 – Ramón Grau, Cuban president (d. 1969)
• 1885 – Wilhelm Blaschke, Austrian geometer (d. 1962)
• 1886 – Sir Robert Robinson, British chemist, Nobel laureate (d. 1975)
• 1886 – Amelie Beese, German aviator and sculptor. (d. 1925)
• 1887 – Lavoslav Ruzicka, Croatian chemist, Nobel laureate (d. 1976)
• 1893 – Larry Shields, American musician (d. 1953)
• 1894 – J.B. Priestley, English playwright and novelist (d. 1984)
• 1894 – Julian Tuwim, Polish poet (d. 1953)
• 1895 – Morris Kirksey, American rugby player (d. 1981)
• 1899 – Corneliu Zelea Codreanu, leader of the Iron Guard (d. 1938)
• 1903 – Claudette Colbert, American actress (d. 1996)
• 1904 – Gladys George, American stage and screen actress
• 1908 – Karolos Koun, Greek theater director (d. 1987)
• 1909 – Ray Bowden, English footballer (d. 1998)
• 1911 – Bill Monroe, American singer (d. 1996)
• 1916 – Roald Dahl, British writer (d. 1990)
• 1916 – Dick Haymes, Argentine vocalist (d. 1980)
• 1917 – Robert Ward, American composer
• 1919 – Mary Midgley, American philosopher
• 1922 – Charles Brown, American singer and pianist (d. 1999)
• 1923 – Edouard Boubat, French photographer (d. 1999)
• 1924 – Scott Brady, American film actor (d. 1985)
• 1924 – Harold Blair, Australian tenor, Aboriginal activist (d. 1976)
• 1924 – Maurice Jarre, French composer (d. 2009)
• 1925 – Mel Tormé, American singer (d. 1999)
• 1926 – Emile Francis, Canadian ice hockey player and executive
• 1929 – Nicolai Ghiaurov, Bulgarian opera singer (d. 2004)
• 1930 – Robert Gavron, Baron Gavron, British printing millionaire
• 1931 – Barbara Bain, American actress
• 1933 – Eileen Fulton, American actress
• 1936 – Stefano Delle Chiaie, Italian neo-Nazi
• 1936 – Joe E. Tata, American actor
• 1937 – Don Bluth, American animator
• 1938 – Judith Martin, American etiquette writer
• 1938 – John Smith, Labour Party Leader 1992 – 1994 (d. 1994)
• 1939 – Richard Kiel, American actor
• 1939 – Joel-Peter Witkin, American photographer
• 1940 – Óscar Arias, Costa Rican politician, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize
• 1941 – Tadao Ando, Japanese architect
• 1941 – Ahmet Necdet Sezer, 10th President of Turkey
• 1941 – David Clayton-Thomas, Canadian singer (Blood, Sweat & Tears)
• 1944 – Carol Barnes, British newsreader (d. 2009)
• 1944 – Jacqueline Bisset, British actress
• 1944 – Peter Cetera, American musician (Chicago)
• 1945 – Noël Godin, Belgian humorist
• 1945 – Andres Küng, Swedish-Estonian politician, journalist (d. 2002)
• 1946 – Frank Marshall, American film producer
• 1948 – Nell Carter, American actress (d. 2003)
• 1948 – Dimitri Nanopoulos, Greek physicist
• 1949 – Fred "Sonic" Smith, American guitarrist (MC5) (d. 1994)
• 1950 – Wlodzimierz Cimoszewicz, Polish politician
• 1951 – Jean Smart, American actress
• 1952 – Randy Jones, American musician (The Village People)
• 1952 – Raymond O'Connor, American actor
• 1952 – Don Was, American singer
• 1954 – Steve Kilbey, English musician (The Church)
• 1955 – Joe Morris, American musician
• 1956 – Anne Geddes, Australian photographer
• 1957 – John G. Trueschler, American politician
• 1957 – Vinny Appice, American musician (Black Sabbath, Dio, Heaven and Hell)
• 1957 – Judy Blumberg, American ice dancer
• 1958 – Paweł Przytocki, Polish conductor
• 1960 – Greg Baldwin, American voiceover actor (Avatar: The Last Airbender)
• 1961 – Dave Mustaine, American musician (ex-Metallica, Megadeth)
• 1961 – Barton Hawkins, American biophysical chemist
• 1961 – KK Null, Japanese musician
• 1961 – Peter Roskam, Republican Congressman from Illinois
• 1962 – Tõnu Õnnepalu, Estonian poet and author
• 1963 – Theodoros Roussopoulos, Greek politician
• 1964 – Tavis Smiley, American talk show host, journalist and author
• 1965 – Zak Starkey, British musician
• 1965 – Annie Duke, American poker player
• 1965 – Jeffrey Ross, American Comedian
• 1966 – Maria Furtwängler, German physician
• 1966 – Louis Mandylor, Australian actor
• 1967 – Michael Johnson, American athlete
• 1967 – Tim "Ripper" Owens, American singer (Iced Earth, ex-Judas Priest)
• 1968 – Brad Johnson, American football player
• 1968 – Emma Sjöberg, Swedish model
• 1968 – Bernie Williams, Puerto Rican baseball player
• 1969 – Ilka Knickenberg, German actress
• 1969 – Shane Warne, Australian cricketer
• 1970 – Martín Herrera, former Argentine footballer
• 1970 – Louise Lombard, British actress
• 1970 – Yuki Matsuoka, Japanese voice actress
• 1970 – Jason Scott Sadofsky, American programmer
• 1970 – Jason Bourne, fictional character
• 1971 – Goran Ivanišević, Croatian tennis player
• 1971 – Manabu Namiki, Japanese composer
• 1971 – Stella McCartney, English fashion designer
• 1973 – Christine Arron, French runner
• 1973 – Kelly Chen, Chinese singer
• 1973 – Mahima Chaudhry, Indian actress
• 1974 – Travis Knight, American basketball player
• 1974 – Keith Murray, American rapper
• 1974 – Craig Rivet, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1974 – Éric Lapointe, Canadian football player
• 1975 – Joe Don Rooney, American musician (Rascal Flatts)
• 1975 – Akihiro Asai, Japanese racing driver
• 1976 – Giorgos Koltzos, Greek footballer
• 1976 – Craig McMillan, New Zealand cricketer
• 1976 – José Théodore, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1977 – Fiona Apple, American singer
• 1977 – Ivan De Battista, Maltese actor and singer
• 1977 – Daisuke Tsuda, Japanese singer (Maximum the Hormone)
• 1978 – Megan Henning, American actress
• 1978 – Peter Sunde, Scandinavian entrepreneur
• 1979 – Geike Arnaert, Belgian singer (Hooverphonic)
• 1979 – Ivan Miljković, Serbian volleyball player
• 1980 – Han Chae Young, South Korean actress and model
• 1980 – Evangelos Nastos, Greek footballer
• 1980 – Ben Savage, American actor
• 1980 – Daisuke Matsuzaka, Japanese baseball player
• 1981 – August, American pornographic actress
• 1981 – Koldo Fernández, Spanish cyclist
• 1981 – Lauren Williams, Canadian wrestler
• 1982 – Miha Zupan, Slovenian basketball player
• 1982 – Lloyd Dyer, English footballer
• 1982 – Nenê, Brazilian basketball player
• 1983 – James Bourne, English musician
• 1984 – Nabil Abou-Harb, Arab-American filmmaker
• 1985 – Emi Suzuki, Japanese model
• 1986 – Kamui Kobayashi, Japanese racing driver
• 1986 – Sean Williams, American basketball player
• 1987 – Luke Fitzgerald, Irish rugby union footballer
• 1988 – Keith Treacy, Irish footballer
• 1989 – Thomas Müller, German footballer

[edit] Deaths

• 81 – Titus, Roman emperor (b. 39)
• 1438 – Duarte, King of Portugal (b. 1391)
• 1506 – Andrea Mantegna, Italian painter
• 1557 – John Cheke, English classical scholar and statesman (b. 1514)
• 1592 – Michel de Montaigne, French writer (b. 1533)
• 1598 – Philip II, King of Spain (b. 1526)
• 1624 – Ketevan of Kakheti, Christian martyr, Queen of Kakheti in Georgia (b. 1565)
• 1632 – Leopold V, regent of the Tirol (b. 1586)
• 1759 – James Wolfe, British general (b. 1727)
• 1766 – Benjamin Heath, English classical scholar (b. 1704)
• 1800 – Claude Martin, French then British General (b. 1735)
• 1806 – Charles James Fox, English politician (b. 1749)
• 1808 – Saverio Bettinelli, Italian writer (b. 1718)
• 1813 – Hezqeyas of Ethiopia, deposed Emperor of Ethiopia
• 1847 – Nicolas Oudinot, French marshal (b. 1767)
• 1872 – Ludwig Andreas Feuerbach, German philosopher (b. 1804)
• 1881 – Ambrose Burnside, American Civil War general and politician (b. 1824)
• 1885 – Friedrich Kiel, Austrian composer (b. 1821)
• 1894 – Emmanuel Chabrier, French composer (b. 1841)
• 1904 – Raden Ayu Kartini, Indonesian national heroine (b. 1879)
• 1905 – René Goblet, French politician (b. 1828)
• 1912 – Maresuke Nogi, Japanese general (b. 1849)
• 1915 – Andrew L. Harris, American Civil War hero and Governor of Ohio (b. 1835)
• 1928 – Italo Svevo, Italian author (b. 1861)
• 1941 – Elias Disney, Canadian father of Walt Disney and Roy O. Disney (b. 1859)
• 1946 – Eugene Lanceray, Russian painter (b. 1875)
• 1946 – Amon Göth, commandant of Nazi concentration camp (b. 1908)
• 1949 – August Krogh, Danish zoophysiologist, Nobel laureate (b. 1874)
• 1965 – Jean B. Fletcher, American architect (b. 1915)
• 1971 – Lin Biao, Chinese Marshal and political leader.(b.1907)
• 1973 – Betty Field, American actress (b. 1913)
• 1976 – Albert Tessier, French Canadian priest, historian and film maker (b. 1895)
• 1976 – Armand Mondou, French Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1905)
• 1977 – Leopold Stokowski, English conductor (b. 1882)
• 1987 – Mervyn LeRoy, American film director (b. 1900)
• 1991 – Metin Oktay, Turkish football player (b. 1936)
• 1991 – Joe Pasternak, American film director (b. 1901)
• 1996 – Tupac Shakur, aka 2Pac, American rapper and actor (b. 1971)
• 1998 – Harry Lumley, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1926)
• 1998 – George Wallace, American politician (b. 1919)
• 1999 – Benjamin Bloom, American educational theorist (b. 1913)
• 2001 – Dorothy McGuire, American actress (b. 1916)
• 2003 – Frank O'Bannon, Governor of Indiana (b. 1930)
• 2004 – Luis E. Miramontes, Mexican chemist, co-inventor of the combined oral contraceptive pill (b. 1925)
• 2005 – Toni Fritsch, Austrian football and American football player (b. 1945)
• 2005 – Julio César Turbay Ayala, Colombian politician (b. 1916)
• 2006 – Ann Richards, 46th Governor of Texas (b. 1933)
• 2007 – Whakahuihui Vercoe, New Zealand clergyman (b. 1928)
• 2007 – Clare Oliver, Australian cancer activist (b. 1981)

[edit] Holidays and observances

• Christian Feast Day:
  • John Chrysostom
  • September 13 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics).
• Día de los Niños Héroes (Mexico)
• Epulum Jovis, celebrated on the Ides of September, during the Ludi Romani. (Roman Empire)
• Programmers' Day, during a non-leap year. (Russia and programmers around the world)

[edit] External links

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada